05 Jan 2018 Investment in Angola – Overview 安哥拉投资简介
I. COUNTRY PROFILE 国家基本资料
Angola is country with 1,246,700 sq.km. of area and approximately 25 million in population, mainly between 15 and 40 years of age and is located in the South-western part of Africa. Angola is a mineral rich country with vast and unutilized fertile territory. Angola has also a considerable amount of resources in fisheries and forestry.
安哥拉拥有1,246,700平方公里的国土面积,位于非洲的西南端;人口总数约为250万人,15~40岁的青壮年人口占绝大多数。安哥拉是个矿产丰富的国家,且国土仍有很大的部分尚未开发,其渔业、林业资源也相当丰富。
Angola gained independence from Portugal in 1975. And as a consequence, Portuguese language is the official one in the country and Kwanza Is the local currency.
1975年从葡萄牙独立出来,其官方语言仍维持葡语;当地使用货币为「宽扎Kwanza」(自1999年后又称作「匡撒」)
Angola is a country that primarily depends on oil exports and currently is looking to diversify its economy, by attracting more foreign investment in key areas, such as manufacturing and agriculture. 安哥拉原是以石油出口作为主要经济来源,而目前该国正积极寻找新的经济发展,希望吸引外资进入其关键发展领域,例如制造业与农业。
II. INVESTMENT REGIME 投资制度
The current investment regime is regulated by Law No. 14/15 of 11 August (Private Investment Law – PIL 2015,), as published in Official Gazette. PIL 2015 repealed the previous investment regime and brought some novelties with it.
现行投资法令是由2015年8月11日,官方公报法令字第14/15号(私人投资法—PIL 2015)所规范。PIL 2015是取代先前的投资法令,并提出了一些新的规定。
Below, is a brief overview of the Investment Regime in Angola. Foreign investors have to be aware that there are number of additional rights and obligations applicable, including a specific licensing, registration and reporting procedure through the life cycle of an investment project. Failure to comply may incur in heavy fines.
以下为一些安哥拉投资法令的简介,外国投资人必须格外的注意,在投资的进程中,有许多的附加权利与义务需要遵循,例如特许执照、营业登记、通报制度等。如果投资人疏于注意,恐将面临重罚。
- Responsible authorities 专责机关
All permits and investment licenses are granted by the respective Ministry, responsible to overview the investors activity. For instance, construction projects, are licensed by Ministry of Construction and so on.
每个投资许可与发照都是由该投资事业项目的主管部会所批准,并负责监督投资人的各项活动;举例而言,工程事业的投资项目,就是由安哥拉的建设部负责批准与管理。
Investments above US$ 10 million are redirected and therefore licensed by the Presidency Office itself, through a specific body.
A new agency was established – APIEX (Angolan Investment and Export Agency), which aims at promoting investments and exports.
投资总额超过1000万美金的投资项目,将转由总统直辖办公室的特殊机构做批准。安哥拉亦成立了一个新的机构称作APIEX (安哥拉投资与出口机构),目标在促进投资与出口事业。
- Scope 投资法令范围
Under current PIL 2015, there is no requirement for minimum investment threshold. Any foreign investment, independent of the value is eligible under this law, as long as the required business plan can sustain the invested amount and the project.
在现行PIL 2015之下,没有设定最低投资金额门坎。任何外国投资,只要其所提出的经营策略足以支持其投资项目与计划,无论投资规模,均适用本法。
However, only foreign investments above US$ 1 million are eligible for tax incentives. Depending on the Angolan customs clearance schedule, imported goods and machines, necessary for the investment project may be customs free.
The insurance, banking, minerals and oil & gas investments are subjects to different investment laws and procedures.
然而,只有投资金额超过100万美金的投资,才资格享受税收优惠。视其投资计划所必需的进口货物、机械,在安哥拉通关时基于相应税则,亦可享受免关税优惠。
保险、银行、矿业、石油天然气领域的投资投资则由不同的投资法令与程序所规范。
- Local Content 当地成分要求
In a number of sectors, a joint venture with an Angolan party is required. In some sectors the Angolan party has to have a minimum of 35% of the project and in other sectors even more.
在为数的产业中,外国投资是被要求与安哥拉方合资经营的。而合资的比例在某些产业中,有要求最少至投资计划的35%,有些甚至要求更高。
A minimum 35% of the projects is reserved to Angolan Party in: (i) electricity; (ii) hotels and tourism; (iii) transport and logistics; (iv) construction industry; (v) telecommunication and IT.
安哥拉政府特别指出:1. 电力;2. 饭店旅游业;3. 交通运输业;4. 工程建设业;5. 通讯科技业保留给安哥拉方最低35%的合资份额。
In the oil & gas, fisheries, agriculture, forestry and minerals minimum reserved percentages will vary.
在石油天然气业、渔业、农业、林业与矿产的最低合资比则另设有其他比例。
The PIL restricts indirect investments (by way of loans, additional capital contributions, intellectual property, etc.) to 50% of the total value of the investments. Additionally, loans made by shareholders cannot exceed 30% of the total investment amount.
私人投资法PIL对间接投资设有占投资总额50%的上限规定(借款、额外出资、知识产权等),另外股东借款部分不得超过投资总额的30%。
- Repatriation of Dividends 股利汇回
Investors are entitled to repatriate the net profits (dividends) and royalties after implementation of the project.
投资人完成投资计划之后得将股利、净利润与权利金汇回其本国。
Nevertheless, repatriation of dividends is subject to a supplementary tax, applied on the amount of the dividends that exceed the own funds of the company (project), as follows:
- 15% if the excess is not more than 20%;
- 30% if the excess is more than 20% but less than 50%:
- 50% if the excess is more than 50%
尽管如此,股利汇回仍必须依照其股利超出公司(投资计划)资本的额度内,按比例课征附加税:
- 若超出额度不高于20%,则课征15%的附加税
- 若超出额度高于20%但低于50%,则课征30%的附加税
- 若超出额度高于50%,则课征50%的附加税
The supplementary tax is not due if the dividends are reinvested in Angola. Investors have to have aware that dividends are remitted abroad, depending on the availability of foreign currency. The government has tried to address this issue by allocating funds only to be used by foreign investors, but in a severe crisis, like the oil crisis, this may be hindered.
如果股利作为再投资安哥拉之用,则免课征附加税。但由于严格的外汇管制,投资人在以外汇汇出股利时必须额外的小心。虽然安哥拉政府试图以允许外国投资人以外汇做资产配置来解决上述的问题,但当遭遇如石油危机的重大危机时,问题会愈发严重。
- Tax Incentives 税收优惠
Tax incentives may be granted to a foreign investment project, whenever certain requirements are met, such as location of the investment, value of the investment, number of jobs created, Angolan shareholding, focus on exports, local added value. Tax incentives are usually reduction of all or certain types of taxes for a number of years.
在符合特定的条件之下,外国投资人得享有特定的税收优惠。例如投资项目设立于指定区域、投资金额到达一定门坎、创造多少就业机会、开放多少比例的安哥拉人股份持有、以出口为导向、具有当地附加价值的投资等。税收优惠的方式通常为免去全部或特定种类的税收,并持续若干年。
- Guarantees 保障
The Angolan State guarantees to all foreign investors protection against expropriation, unless public purposes, not without due process of law and fair compensation. Foreign investors have the right to access all courts and tribunals, right to credit, confidentiality, commercial and banking secrecy. Angola is also a signatory the convention establishing Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).
安哥拉政府保证,所有外国投资人免于征收 ,除非基于公共利益;并承诺给予正当法律程序与公平的补偿。外国投资人可进入安哥拉任何当地的法庭进行法律诉讼,得开立信用状、数据保密、商业机密与银行账户保密等。安哥拉同时也是多边投资担保机构(MIGA)的签署国。
- Dispute Resolution 争端解决
Despite not clearly stated in the Law, it has become a practice to include arbitration conventions in Investment Contracts, which has been promoted by the government during the last years.
虽然在法律上没有明文规定争端解决的程序,不过在安哥拉政府近年来的推广下,实务多将仲裁公约纳入投资契约中。
III. EMPLOYMENT OF EXPATRIATES 雇用外国雇员
Employment of expatriates in Angola is subject to a work visa, which is usually for 1 year with different extension schemes. Investors are entitled to privileged visas, which have a longer duration.
在安哥拉雇用外国雇员需申请工作签证,通常有效期限为一年,配合不同种类的延长方案。投资人本身则享有特种签证,有效年限也较一般工作签证长。
The idea behind the limitation for work visas is to transfer know-how to local Angolans, which should gradually take over. At least 70% of the initial workforce of the project has consist by Angolan nationals and this number is ought to increase during the life cycle of the project.
工作签证有效期限的背后是安哥拉以取得技术知识为目的,并以逐步取代外国投资作为目标。至少有70%的初阶劳动力由安哥拉当地劳工所组成,并要求投资计划的经营进程中,必须逐步的提升当地劳工比例。
IV. TAX REGIME 税收法令制度
Angolan tax regime consists a number of different taxes, but the main ones, mostly applicable to businesses in general and investments in particular, are as follows:
- Personal Income Tax, which is differentiated in accordance with the personal income. The highest rate is 17%;
- Social Security Contributions at the rate of 11%, whereas 8% has to borne bythe company and 3% by the employee. Expatriates, who prove to pay their social contribution in a different country are free from making them in Angola.
- Corporate Income Tax – 30%. There is a withholding obligation from the service payer of 6,5% of the Corporate Income Tax. The paid in advance Corporate Income Tax shall be settled with the annual reports;
- Capital Gains Tax – 15%. This tax is applicable to profits from dividends, credit, royalties, interest, gambling, etc.;
- Consumption tax is an indirect tax that is similar to VAT. It is applicable to different services and produced goods. It has a specific schedule with different rates, depending on the applicable service or good;
- Urban Property Tax – 15%. This tax is applied to profits from renting. For property that is not rented, a specific schedule applies depending on the size of the property.
- SISA tax – 2% and applies to property transfer or acquisition, including when transferring 50% of shares in a company that has property as part of its assets;
- Stamp Duty Tax. Usually this tax is collected by notaries, registrars or other public authorities and different documents are subject to it, such as letters credit, public deeds, internal company books, deals, etc. This tax Is law compared to other taxesas it goes between 0.2% and 1% on the total value stated in the document;
安哥拉的税收制度是由多种的税收项目所组成,但主要的几项都是在商业与投资:
- 个人所得税,依照个人所得差异,分级课税,最高税率为总所得17%。
- 社会安全保险费率为11%,其中8%来自于公司3%来自于雇员。外国雇员如果经证明在他国已经缴纳社会安全保费,则得免除。
- 营业所得税—30%,纳税人亦须预扣6.5%的营业所得税,预扣税额将一同并入年度申报当中。
- 资本利得税—15%,由股利、债权、权利金、利息、赌债等获利皆须课与资本利得税。
- 消费税是一种类似VAT增值税的税收种类,适用于不同的货物与劳务。消费税根据不同的劳务与货物,有不同的分类级距。
- 都市房地产税—15%,适用于都市置产的租金收入。若不动产非作为出租使用,则依据不动产的平方米数依比例课税。
- 资产移转税SISA Tax—2%,适用于资产的移转与取得。其中包括转让公司超过50%的股份中,含有不动产作为其资产的部分,皆须课税。
- 印花税,通常是透过公证处、登记处与其他政府机关所附随课征,与透过公文书课征,例如信用状、房地契、公司内部账册、或商业交易等。印花税课征的税率为文件标示价值的0.2%至1%。
V. ADDITIONAL PERMITS AND REGISTRATION 附加许可与登记
After receiving the foreign investment license, documents are send by the authority to the National Bank, which will also automatically issue the importation of capital license. The later procedure is currently done between the National Bank and the Commercial Bank, but may be supervised by the investor.
在取得外国投资许可执照后,该文件将送安哥拉至国家银行,并同时寄发外汇资金汇入许可证予投资人。程序后者虽然由国家银行和商业银行所负责作业,但亦可由投资人自行经手。
The second step is to import cash necessary for the project and create a legal entity.
第二步则是汇入所需资金进入安哥拉,并成立法人。
After commercial registration procedures are completed the newly established company may apply for a business license (before Ministry of Commerce) and for the specific license, in accordance with its sector of activity (for instance Ministry of Hostelry and Tourism in case of Hospitality).
商业公司登记完成后,新成立公司须申请营业执照(由商业部承办),另外特许经营执照则是由该特许产业的管辖部门承办(例如饭店管理是由旅馆观光部承办发照业务)。
If import and export of goods and merchandise is necessary, import/export registration and license are also necessary.
若需要进口或出口商品货物,亦须申请进/出口许可执照。
Investors have to have in mind that labor and social security compliance is also mandatory, which makes necessary a professional to accompany the project within the bureaucracy of Angolan legislation.
投资人亦须注意当地的社会安全与劳工保险是强制投保类型,且需要当地的专业人士参与投保计划,以利通过安哥拉的官僚体制。
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