Five Points to Know about Doing Business in Eritrea

Five Points to Know about Doing Business in Eritrea

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1. The Investment regime 投资体制

Proclamation 59/1994 (Investment Proclamation) and Proclamation 159/2007 (Foreign-Financed Special Investment Act) regulate investment in the country.

《公告第59/1994》 (投资公告)与《公告第159/2007》 (外资投资法案),规定了于厄立特里亚(以下称厄国)投资的相关法规范。

a). All areas of investment are open to all foreign investors. However, foreign investors may invest in domestic retail and wholesale trade, and import and commission agency activities and financial services only if Eritrea has concluded a bilateral agreement of reciprocity with the country of the investor.

一般而言,所有领域均向外国投资者开放。只有来自与厄立特里亚签署双边或互惠条约国家的投资者才可以在零售、批发事业,或是进口、代理业务与金融服务领域投资。

b). Investors engaging in certain activities must obtain a License (permit) from regulatory bodies and a business license from the Business License Office (BLO).

投资人须得在监管机构(取得经营许可),并须在营业执照办理处取得营业执照,始得从事营业活动。

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2. Employment of expatriates 雇用非厄国之外籍员工

A foreign company or investor may hire foreign nationals in technical and managerial positions. Although Investors may employ experts in the absence of domestic experts, they are obliged to train Eritrean nationals to eventually take the place of expatriates.

外国公司或外国投资人可雇用外国公民从事技术性与管理性职位。在没有国内(厄国)专业人士的情况下,可以雇佣雇用外国专业人士。然而投资者有义务给予厄国公民相关的职业训练,使其最终能替代外籍雇员的职位。

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3. Tax regime 税收体制

There are numerous tax incentives to foreign investors. However, the country does not have double tax treaties in force. Administratively, there is Tax Appeal Commission, an independent tribunal, where investors can bring their grievances against the Inland Revenue department (IRD). The decision can be appealed to the High court.

外国投资者可在税收方面享受多重优惠。然而,该国尚无任何有效的避免双重税收协定。在行政程序上,如果投资人对税务局相关决定有不满或质疑,可以向税收申诉委员会需求救济。税收申诉委员会系单独设立的机构,其决定可以上诉于高等法院。

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4. Allocation and remittance of foreign exchange 外汇的配置与移转

Investors may open and operate foreign exchange accounts in Eritrea (Commercial bank of Eritrea (CBE) or Housing and Commerce Bank (HCB)) in accordance with the regulations of National Bank of Eritrea (The Bank) [1]. Investors may retain 100% of their export earnings in foreign currency. They may also remit foreign exchange out of Eritrea at the existing exchange rate. Debt-servicing payments on foreign loan incurred pursuant to the Investment law and Bank regulations, technology transfer fees or royalties, proceeds from liquidation and payment received from sale or transfer of shares can all be remitted. Expatriates may also remit savings from their salaries according to the Bank regulation. In 2013, the National Bank issued a law [2] requiring all transactions involving foreign exchange to be conducted only through Banks or authorized financial institutions. The law also requires all investors to declare in the customs office any amount of foreign exchange more than 10,000 USD or its equivalent in other foreign currencies when bringing in or taking it out of the country.

依据厄立特里亚国家银行相关规定(银行法规),投资人可以在厄国开设与操作外汇账户(厄立特里亚商业银行CBE或住商银行HCB)。投资人得以100%比例持有他们以外汇赚取的出口收入。并允许投资人以现行汇率将外款项汇出厄国。根据投资法与银行法规所为之因外国贷款所生之偿还债务的支付行为、技术转让费或版税(特许营业费)、公司清算权益与出卖转让股份的金钱支付等,皆得以汇出。根据银行法规,外籍雇员亦得将薪资存款汇出。2013年,厄国国家银行颁布了一部法令,要求所有有关外汇交易的作业皆必须在银行,或是政府授权的金融机构办理。该部法令亦要求所有的投资人在入出境厄国时,凡携带超过10,000美元或等值的外国货币者,须向海关进行申报。

[1]The National Bank is the Banker of the State responsible for monitoring all transactions involving foreign exchange.
[2]Proclamation 173/2013

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5. Guarantees 担保

The Investment Proclamation guarantees that capital and other associated foreign-owned assets will not be nationalized except for public purposes and not without due process of law. A full and fair compensation is due in cases of expropriation. To this effect, Eritrea has also signed the convention establishing Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).

厄国在《投资公告》中担保,称投资资本与相关的外国持有资产,除非依据公共目的且经正当法律程序,不然不会被收归国有。在征收案件中,投资人获得一个全面且公平的补偿,亦是为法律所认定的正当程序之一。这表示了厄立特里亚也签订了公约以建立《多边投资担保机构》 (MIGA)。

Feel free to contact Beijing@asiallians.com for more information.
请与Beijing@asiallians.com联系以获得更多信息。

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ASIALLIANS is a French law firm registered with Paris Bar Association. Asiallians coordinates a network of laws firms having a recognized business law practice in Europe, Mainland China, Taiwan and Africa.
ASIALLIANS是一间注册于法国巴黎律师协会的律师事务所,其国际网络能为客户于欧洲 , 中国大陆,台湾及非洲及提供专业法律服务。

We coordinate an independent Pan-African network for business law firms from 45 African jurisdictions.
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